The Ethics Of Gambling And Gambling - 1556 Words

There are several concerns regarding the ethics of gambling whether in an online setting or in a public setting. Gambling has many benefits for both gamblers and casinos, but it’s crucial to acknowledge the psychological repercussions of gambling as it isn’t always just â€Å"harmless fun.† We can consider the negative and positive implications of gambling on non-gamblers as well. However, how would ethical theories and perspectives differ in their approach to the effects of gambling? When people think of gambling, they usually see flashing Vegas casinos and large sums of cash. The gambling arena is much larger just as the significance of the effects gambling has on the casinos and people involved. Gambling addiction is a very prevalent factor†¦show more content†¦Utilitarianism suggests that the act that results in the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of individuals is the option that we should choose. Whether gambling should be deem ed as an ethical or unethical act depends entirely on the consequences and benefits gambling has on casinos, gamblers, and non-gamblers. If gambling results in the overall increase of a casino’s profit and the overall increase of a gambler’s profit and mental health, then the act of gambling would be considered ethical. However, if the act has more negative implications than positive, then the act of gambling would be unethical. For example, it would be unethical if the transaction between casinos and gamblers was rigged solely for the casino s financial benefit while exploiting those who gamble there. The significant concern of this paper is not to point a finger at casinos and other gambling mediums as a means to blame them for the mental conditions of those who we’d consider as gambling addicts. Instead, the point of this paper is to acknowledge the effects of gambling and propose the importance of responsibility. I will present an unbiased view of gambling, paying close attention to the psychological effects and motives individuals have regarding gambling at casinos. Also, I will look at the positive results associated with having a successful casino business, so that allowing gambling is ethical from a utilitarian point ofShow MoreRelatedEthical Problem with Gambling Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Problems of Gambling SOC 120 Michael Pankrast November 13, 2012 The main focus points of this paper are gambling addiction and crimes perspire through gambling activities. Gambling activities are offered illegally meaning that these activities are taken place without legal authority knowing. However, problems arise when coming in contact with gambling. Problems that arise with gambling are mostly crimes and lies. A brief discussion on a theory that may resolveRead MoreGambling and Sports1027 Words   |  5 PagesShould Sports Gambling Be Legalized? Gambling is a common practice throughout human history, one that appeals to the individual’s desire for gain and offers the thrill of risk or uncertainty. Sports gambling is the â€Å"wagering of money or other items of value on the outcome of a sporting event, dependent either wholly or in part on chance† (Thompson, 2008, p. 1). Sports gambling generates billions of dollars annually, with large events like the Super Bowl or World Series alone able toRead MoreThe States Policy On Gambling1416 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussing what the states policy on gambling should be, one must first become familiar with the definition of gambling. Gambling is defined as â€Å"the activity or practice of playing at a game of chance for money or other stakes†. When people hear the word gambling, casinos, lotteries, and online gambling websites are what is most often thought of, however, these are not the only types of gambling. People can gamble throughout a variety of f ashions, such as virtual gambling on tablets or smartphones, scratchRead MoreMoral Relativism And The Biblical Worldview Of What Is Right And Wrong950 Words   |  4 PagesChristians have a worldview that believes otherwise based on the biblical worldview of what is right and wrong proposed by James Sire. Issues that are ethically questionable but not specifically banned in Leviticus, or in the Bible in general, such as gambling, drinking alcohol, and divorce are examples of how even seemingly unclear topics are still outlined by God. The Lord gives Christians the instinctive knowledge of right and wrong based on Scripture that does not and will never change, contradictoryRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma of Gambling in Pro Sports1660 Words   |  7 PagesGambling in professional sports is an ethical dilemma that needs to be examined from all angles before making a decision on whether to bet or not. Gambling has been a part our society for thousands of years, dating back to the origina l Olympic Games in Greece. Depending on where you live, there will be different laws regarding the rules of gambling. The story of Pete Rose shows a good example of what can happen to a sports manager that bets on his own team and others in his sport. In this case, thereRead MoreProfitability Analysis Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesThis report provides an evaluation of Woolworths in respect of ethical behavior and profitability analysis to fulfill an investor’s ethical requirement. The investigation indicates that Woolworths has earned a particular portion of revenues from gambling machines, which are provided to addicted problem gamblers. This unethical behavior has affected not just the companys reputation but its survivable profitability as well. The methodology of profitability analysis combined profit margin analysisRead MoreThe Morality Question of Gambling1298 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction The debate on whether or not gambling should be regarded acceptable from a moral point of view has been ongoing for quite a while. However, one aspect of gambling that has been overlooked frequently has got to do with individual freedom. Ordinarily, people should have a right to choose whether or not to engage in gambling. Indeed, the freedom accorded to individuals to engage in activities of their choice as long as they do not interfere with the freedom of others can be regardedRead MoreThe Competition Of The Gaming Industry1600 Words   |  7 Pagesfor guests and being the only hotel to do so (Peng, M., pg 415). Wynn’s organizational benefit comes from the high barrier to entry that is caused by large capital investments and limited contracts. Also, the government policies have supported the gambling industry and the gaming industry in this area only have 5 other competitors. What Has Changed? In the last year, China’s president begun to crack down on high-rollers traveling to Macau and about $46 billion of the market value was wiped from casinoRead More Gambling Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pages Gambling, while it lowers taxes and creates jobs, it also causes addicts to lose money and therefore creates a higher crime rate.A Quick History of Gambling.Gambling was a popular pastime in North America long before there was ever a United States. Playing cards and dice were brought over by both the British and the Dutch. By the end of the 17th century, just about every countryseat in colonial America had a lottery wheel. Cockfighting flourished thoughout the countries, especially in the SouthRead MoreEssay on Business Ethics753 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Sabeel Rehman Business Ethics 10/12/13 Case Study What are the ethical and legal issues at stake in this scenario? A: Karl has to deal with some ethical and possibly legal issues in the marketing of his game â€Å"Breakaway†. It is an issue ethically simply because he himself has to find out it is suitable to market a game that primarily gives its focus on nudity, violence, and gambling. When it comes to legal issues, is it legal to market these things in foreign countries and on the Internet

Analysis Of Samuel Wallace s Unfinished Business

Unfinished Business Samuel Wallace was tired of being humiliated and degraded by his boss, Mr. Marin, so one Monday, Samuel killed him. Samuel had worked for Mr. Marin for 10 years, and had never once been told thank you. The closest he ever got was a grunt when the morning coffee he prepared wasn’t warm enough or the tax receipts weren’t in two weeks in advance. After months of intolerable lecturing, Samuel decided that on the 10th anniversary of his joining the firm, he would stab his boss. The plan was simple. Too simple. As if, subconsciously, it had been taking shape for a long time. His 10th anniversary was on a Monday. Fortunately, that was the day that Mr. Marin spent alone in his office all morning. He played blackjack with†¦show more content†¦He had to keep reminding himself that everything must appear to be normal. With all of his strength, Samuel tried to force himself to focus on his work. However, he couldn’t stop his hands from shaking as he finalized the details of the Jacobson merger. Mr. Marin, right on cue, came in at eight and asked Emily, his assistant, to take all of his phone calls and leave him alone as he would be very busy all morning. As he was entering his office, he turned his eye to Samuel and sneered, â€Å"I need to talk to you after lunch.† Samuel nodded, noticing the pause in the surrounding staff, which indicated that they had heard his remark. At twelve, Samuel packed his briefcase and walked over to the reception, alerting Miranda that he would be leaving for lunch and would be back at one. Miranda nodded, disinterested. Samuel then walked to the fire escape, however that day, instead of beginning his descent, he placed his briefcase in the inside of the door and headed towards Mr. Marin’s office. Closing his fist tightly, Samuel raised his trembling limb and lightly knocked on the wooden office door, one, two, three times. No answer, but he didn’t exactly expect one. Silently, Samuel reached for the metal doorknob, around which he had carefully wrapped a handkerchief. He wasn’t going to leave any fingerprints behind. Samuel entered the office and locked the door after him. Behind a huge

Jack Kerouacs On The Road The Message of On t Essay Example For Students

Jack Kerouacs On The Road The Message of On t Essay he Road On The Road essaysThe Message of On the Road In Jack Kerouacs novel On the Road, the author tries to convey to the audience that everybody is naturally dishonest and morally deceitful. Morals are defined by ones religion, the laws of the country, or some combination of the two. Ones identity captures and plays out that individuals moral. My morals follow the Christian beliefs, Texas state laws, and the laws of the United States. Although ones own morals can change, basic things such as stealing and murder are wrong and illegal by federal law. Numerous characters performed many acts proving this point such as Montana Slim, who says in order to get money, follow a man down an alley and rob him, or Dean, who never feels remorse for beating Marylou after a fight. These along with other characters display such actions, which show that everyone is morally deceitful. In Part 1, Chapter 4, Sal tells Montana Slim that he only has enough money to buy some whiskey. Slim says to Sal, I know where you can get some.Where?Anywhere. You can always folly a man down an alley, cant you? I aint beyond doing it when I really need some dough. (27) At this early point in the novel, Sal is still figuring out who he is and what life is like on the road. He seems like a young naive schoolboy being bullied by an older, wiser kid. Slim knows what he is talking about because he has been on the road for some time now. He has probably robbed quite a few people throughout his experience on the road. This act is, by law, wrong and dishonest. In Part 2, chapter 6, while Dean, Marylou, Ed Dunkel, and Sal stopped at a gas station on the way to New Orleans, Dunkel casually steals three packs of cigarettes. The way the narrator says it is that he stole them without even trying. He then justifies it by saying that they were fresh out (139). The language used is just so non-chalant, as if stealing was no big deal. Stealing, like robbing, is illegal and morally wrong. The part that is most disturbing is that Dunkel feels that stealing cigarettes is okay, that it is necessary for survival just like food or water. Stealing food or water in order to survive can be justified, but not cigarettes. Cigarettes are not part of a necessary diet. Although Dean does many things throughout the novel that is dishonest or morally wrong, beating Marylou during a fight sticks out in my mind the most. The way that Dean used and abused the many women who passed in and out of his life is repulsive. Most parents teach their children that it is not okay for boys to hit girls. However, Deans mother was never around to teach him this basic lesson of life that is very apparent. The men in this novel talk about and treat women so poorly. It is not illegal, per se, to do some of these things, but it is morally wrong to hit a woman, especially to the point of making her black and blue. Sal and Terrys relationship was a good and honest one. Sal did not want Terry to work because he wanted to be the sole breadwinner. They truly cared about each other and loved each others company. Sal thought she was the most beautiful woman that he had ever seen. Initially, however, he probably wanted to meet Terry for selfish, sexual reasons. .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e , .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e .postImageUrl , .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e , .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e:hover , .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e:visited , .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e:active { border:0!important; } .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e:active , .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc7549132f44652f6851d0be951e4652e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Farm Subsidies - A Necessary Essay Many times before, Sal (and other male characters) used women for one night in order to be sexually satisfied, why would this woman be any different from the others? Sal did not realize that he was getting into a real relationship. He fell for her because he wanted to be with someone. She just happened to be beautiful, and there, on the bus, when he needed to be with a woman. As good as the outcome was, the initial reason for pursuit was wrong. In Part 1, chapter 11, Sal and Remi are working as guards in the barracks to get money for food. Although he is making fifty-five dollars per week, Remi convinced Sal that President Truman wanted them to steal when President Trumans actual statement was, We must cut down the cost of living. Remi manipulated that statement to fit his needs. Sal makes a statement to himself: I suddenly began to realize that everybody in America is a natural-born thief. I was getting the bug myself. This statement made me reconsider my previous argument that everybody is naturally dishonest. Sal thinks that it is some kind of contagious bug, implying that it is not an innate action, but one that can change depending on the situation that one is in. I think that Sal really wants to be a good person and does not want to be part of a life of crime like his friends. In other words, depending on the situation, or experience, a person can choose to catch the bug or not. These examples have all been rhetoric appeals to character. Everyone who reads this novel generally has a sense of what is morally right or wrong. Again, most people want to be good, but because of certain situations that one can be put in, poor choices of moral dishonesty can be made. The majority of people who reads this novel continuously have to fight off these impure thoughts and temptations to be morally dishonest. In conclusion, the rhetoric appeal to character used in this novel is a very effective one because this sort of appeal helps to draw the audience into the book. It is up to the individual reader whether or not the characters are performing morally wrong acts or not. I personally believe that in the situations that these characters were in made them be morally wrong. It seems that Sal changed from the beginning of the novel to the end, for both the better and the worse. He grew as a person and really found out whom he was, but he did do some wrong things in order to get to that discovery. Ultimately, the novel is trying to tell us that our own identity is very personal and quite malleable. Every day that we live, we change a little bit and grow a little bit. Some morally dishonest acts may help to round out a flat and boring personality, but it is not absolutely necessary.

Literature Review Students Perspectives

Question: Discuss about the Literature Reviewfor Students Perspectives. Answer: Literature Review: Types of Online Collaborative Tools for higher Education: In the competitive educational structure, postgraduate students need to focus on different types of advance technologies for enhancing their skills, knowledge, creativity and interpersonal skills in an effective way (Hidayanto Setyady, 2014). Increasing popularity of internet has provided variety of options for the students to use different online collaborative technique for fulfilling all the business objectives in an effective manner. For instance, Students can look to utilize cloud based technologies for availing help from the professors. Availability of iCloud and Zoho Docs has provided students the opportunity to deal with different provided assignments from any locations. Cloud based collaboration also provide free access cloud storage facilities where students can share different important documents related to the group project for achieving higher grades in the semester. On the other hand, increasing popularity of different social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter and Skype has provided opportunity to the students to access expert guidance (Purcell, Buchanan Friedrich, 2013). For instance, video calling facility of Skype has provided postgraduate students the facility to communicate with professors or friends for getting immediate help in educational activities. Microsoft Office 365 is another popular online platform for the postgraduate students, which can make massive impact on the career enhancement perspective (Biasutti Heba, 2012). It has allowed students to complete different complex assignments in a very short span of time. Positive and negative Impact of Online Collaborative Tools for higher Education: Constructive psychologist advocates the use of different e-commerce tools for cognitive development of the postgraduate students (Cheung Vogel, 2013). Connectivism and constructive learning theory has also emphasized the fact that use of online collaboration tools will allow students to develop proper understanding among each other. For that reason, it would also help in increasing the team development skills of the students. It also connects students and professors from different geographical locations that can also create positive impact on the educational development perspective. However, it can also create challenges for the students in constructing effective communicational structure, which might affect the flexibility and interest of the students in a major way (Kirschner, Buckingham-Shum Carr, 2012). In addition, it can also induce students to become too much dependents on different online technologies for completing educational projects. Therefore, it can actually create ad verse impact on the innovative thinking perspective of the students. Literature Gap: On the basis of above discussion, it can be assessed that online collaboration tools has revolutionized the way postgraduate students fulfill their educational activities. It has provided access to the best professors from different geographical locations. Therefore, it has also likely to create massive impact on the enhancement of skills, knowledge and capabilities of the students. However, online collaboration tools in educational sector are still a new phenomenon. Therefore, not much study has been conducted on assessing the exact impact of different online collaboration tools to the postgraduate study. For that reason, the research study will look to identify the factors that increasing the popularity of the online collaboration tools significantly. References: Biasutti, M., Heba, E. D. (2012). Using Wiki in teacher education: Impact on knowledge management processes and student satisfaction.Computers Education,59(3), 861-872. Cheung, R., Vogel, D. (2013). Predicting user acceptance of collaborative technologies: An extension of the technology acceptance model for e-learning.Computers Education,63, 160-175. Hidayanto, A. N., Setyady, S. T. (2014). Impact of Collaborative Tools Utilization on Group Performance in University Students.Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET,13(2), 88-98. Kirschner, P. A., Buckingham-Shum, S. J., Carr, C. S. (Eds.). (2012).Visualizing argumentation: Software tools for collaborative and educational sense-making. Springer Science Business Media. Purcell, K., Buchanan, J., Friedrich, L. (2013). The impact of digital tools on student writing and how writing is taught in schools.Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.

Bio Of Norman Manely Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Bio Of Norman Manely Essay, Research Paper Biography of Norman Washington Manley Norman Washington Manley was born in Roxborough, Manchester, on July 4, 1839. He was the boy of Magaret and Thomas Albert Manley. He attended Beckford A ; Smith High school. Since his young person, Norman Manley began to demo intimations of illustriousness when it came to athleticss and intelligence, intimations which manifested themselves when Norman Manley attended Jamaica College. Norman Manley set records and gained national attending in the country of Track and Field and subsequently as the Jamaican political leader. Norman Manley was an exceeding jock. His most impressive and memorable public presentation was a 10 2nd clip in the 100-meter dash in 1911. This record became known throughout Jamaica as # 8220 ; the even time. # 8221 ; His record stood for an dumbfounding 41 old ages until Frank Hall broke it in 1952. That same twelvemonth Norman Manley # 8217 ; s eldest boy, Douglass Manley, eclipsed the record besides. Norman Manley # 8217 ; s athletic illustriousness continued through the 1912 Class 1 Championships. We will write a custom essay sample on Bio Of Norman Manely Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Between 1910 and 1912, his college squad won two titles, chiefly because of Norman Manley # 8217 ; s parts. During the 1912 title twelvemonth, Norman Manley had another amazing public presentation in the 220 pace tally. His clip of 23 seconds level was really comparable to the old Olympic times in the 200 metres. He was without a uncertainty one of the fastest College work forces in the World. Norman Manley went to analyze at Oxford University in 1914 after being awarded the Rhodes scholarship. The First World War broke out and he enlisted to go a artilleryman in the Royal Artillery and was finally promoted to corporal. He was awarded the Military decoration and went on after the war to analyze jurisprudence in England. There he married his cousin Edna Swithenbank. They had two boies: Michael and Douglass. In 1922, Norman Manley returned to his fatherland of Jamaica and became a much sought after attorney. He holds the differentiation of neer losing a slaying instance he represented. By the late thirtiess, a hostile air arose in Jamaica concern ing revenue enhancements, labour work stoppages, and civil agitation. This would take to Manley imparting his adjutant to the workers and organizing the People’s National Party. Norman Manley founded the People # 8217 ; s National Party ( PNP ) in September 1938, and was elected its president for 31 back-to-back old ages until his retirement. As president of the PNP, Norman Manley fought for Universal Adult Suffrage. Through the PNP, he became a representative for Jamaica in the Federation of the West Indies, a group of states joined in an effort to compensate some common jobs. Norman Manley led the unprecedented motion to let the people of Jamaica to vote on whether or non to stay in the federation. Once the people voted to go forth the Federation, Norman Manley led the motion to outline a fundamental law so that Jamaica could go independent. He headed the commission that negotiated Jamaica # 8217 ; s independency from Great Britain. Once independency came, Norman Manley lost in the election to his cousin Alexander Bustamante of the Jamaica Labor Party, for the place of premier curate. Norman Manley # 8217 ; s boy, Michael, would subsequently travel on t o go premier curate of Jamaica. To this twenty-four hours, Norman Manley is known throughout Jamaica as the Right Excellent Norman Washington Manley. His birthday is celebrated in the state and so are his achievements. He is seen as the male parent of Jamaican political relations and a leader in Jamaica # 8217 ; s independency. He created the multi-party system in Jamaica and made the demands of the people the focal point of the authorities. Norman Manley passed off on September 2, 1969, but he will ever be remembered. I chose Norman Manley because of a household friend of mine. Mr. Roy Manley Sr. CPA is distantly related to Norman Manley. The household has a image of him in their house and I mistily retrieve them speaking about him many old ages ago. His name peaked my involvement and I wanted to larn more about their household history. After reading about this great adult male, what intrigued me most was his compassion for people and political power. These are both properties I look up to and endeavor to achieve.

Being Digital essays

Being Digital essays The best way to appreciete the metris and consequences of being digital is to reflect on the diffrence between bits and atoms (p:11)says Negroponte. A bit is the smallest part of the information and composed of 0 and 1. To digitize any information it needs to be writen in 1 and 0. Being digital means you can deliver a signal without any sound of hiss or television snow. So those kinds of errors are eleminated by being digital. If all media is digitalized then all bits will be mixed such as multimedia. And also a new kind of bit will be born which will inform us about other bits. Thre is a consept like bandwidth which means the capacity to move down the information in a given channel. The copper, the fiber and the wave are the most important medium to transmit the information. The copper has a low bandwidth when we compare with fiber. The capacity of fiber is infinite. The wave (ether), is assumed as infinite however we all know that with cordless telephones many problems occures. The adventage of the fiber is; it is easy to make the maintenance and such reasons.The only adventage of the copper is seen while delivering power. For example telephone companies are proud of not to be cut the telephone lines while an electric power is lost. If its been of fiber, than an extra generator must be used to make the connection. And this would mean they need special maintenance and attention. There are many saying like, we should use high bandwidth because we got it. However this is not realistic. There are natural lows of bandwidth. The more new ideas and creativity, meant the more awailable entertainment. To transmit information, as it is mentioned bits are importent. Bits are like the shortcuts in order to make th information meaningful. For example, a few digits call up the whole story. Some bits are more importtant than others. And also bits are not only more important but also have a diffrent val...

American history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

American history - Essay Example This part of the study will discuss about several successes that were achieved by the government of the United States of America under the articles of the confederation. Under this article of the confederation, the colonists of America fought against the soldiers of Great Britain with their full strength and achieved independence. The government of the United States of America succeeded to maintain a strong unity by keeping 13 different states together. In addition to this, these states stayed together for a longer period of time in order to realize the importance of unity. The Land Ordinance of the 1785 was the most effective territory expansion plan introduced by the government of the United States of America under the articles of confederation. The government of the United States of America raised huge money by selling the lands. It helped government to source and allocate required fund for several planned projects and development programs. In addition to this, this sourcing of fu nds or capital helped the government of the United States of America to repay the previous debt account (Collins 136). It helped the country to achieve significant economic growth rate. Under this article of confederation, government of the United States of America introduced several public development projects. For example, government initiated Section 16. It was the designated for the development of several public schools. Northwest Ordinance is also considered as one of the key successes of the government under the articles of confederation. The government of the country planned for the establishment of governments in different territories. It helped the government of the Unite States of America to maintain discipline and sustainability in these territories (Kellogg 58). Government of the country developed several processes for these territories to become a state. It helped the government of the country to reform and improve overall economic and social condition of these territor ies. In addition to this, government of the United States of America succeeded to expand fundamental democratic rights into the Northwest region. Aspects like Freedom of speech for common people, no slavery, trial by jury and freedom of speech for press were guaranteed by the Congress. In addition to this, government of the United States of America succeeded to prepare a constitution for the country including these territories and states which approved by the Congress. Several developed laws and regulations developed by the government of states helped to maintain peace and control the social life in the newly developed states. Failures of government under the Articles of Confederation The inherent weakness in the Articles of Confederation arises from the fact that it is called a confederacy. The sovereign power was placed in the hands of the states of the America. This fact was explicitly stated in Article II of the confederation which states that each state will retain the freedom, sovereignty, independence, jurisdiction, power and right. Such distribution of power was chosen by the Founding Fathers since Americans colonist were very wary of the national governments (Feinberg 78). They have to deal with the British Crown for many years; the American colonies did not want to make another out-of-touch national government. During this short lifespan, the Articles of Confederation became ineffective at governing the growing American states. The main cause for this

The Issues Of Coca-Cola's Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Issues Of Coca-Cola's Company - Assignment Example Coca-Cola was using 80 billion gallons of water annually. This became a massive concern. This concern triggered Coca-Cola to fight back but it also made them take a second look at their practices. Coca-Cola began to look at its role in managing water. They also showed that they were working their best to tackle this issue by inviting organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund to provide them with advice that could help them improve their environmental impact. They set up goals and comparisons that could help them meet standards that other companies were achieving in terms of water use. They donated money to organizations with water conservation programs. (Lawrence, Anne, & Weber, James, 2007) I believe Coca-Cola handled the environmental concerns very intelligently. They made sure to create a relationship with organizations that were working to improve water and environmental conditions. They addressed the fact that they needed to improve and made improvements. And they invested money into the cause and made consumers aware of this. This is how a good company handles criticisms. Coca-Cola realizes that they rely on water to continue manufacturing their product. They realize they also need customers and stakeholders to believe in their company. And they made sure to check all of the right boxes to maintain these relationships. (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2010) Google is another company that is making up for some of their environmental mistakes by setting a green example. Google is such a large company that its actions often come under the microscope. Instead of solely defending any of their procedures or actions they look to balance out the negative with the good in terms of environmental care.

Kotter's 8 Step Approach for an Organization Term Paper

Kotter's 8 Step Approach for an Organization - Term Paper Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company Overview FedEx Corporation is among the best international companies operating in distribution industry, in providing reliable, timely, and rapid express delivery to over 200 states and destinations. The company is able to link international markets that cover beyond three quarters of world’s GDP within a period of four working days. What makes FedEx a world leader is its highly developed information technology infrastructure, competent air path officials, together with well-established mode of transport. The company delivers about 3 million cargos every day in Europe, Africa, India, and the Middle East and currently operates in almost all the cities and territories with its reliable inter states and continental distribution services. United States has one of the biggest offices for FedEx express and is currently expanding its wings to cover more areas around the region through rational and well-planned investments. FedEx story is not all positive since it has been facing various challenges and problems, especially in the current economic meltdown (Gutierrez, 2008). Diagnosis FedEx as an international company that has operated for over three decades has become too complex especially at management level. In addition, competition in the modern world is growing tougher and rapid in the modern economy and this requires FedEx to keep on updating and reinventing themselves. Over the years FedEx image has been tarnished due to numerous complaints from customers, for instance in their packaging methods. Some of the styles and organization practices being used in FedEx have been outdated hence the need to revisit and rebrand the company. The major problem is that FedEx has been unable to adapt effectively to the current economic situations (Gutierrez, 2008).   Ã‚  Kotter’s Change Approach Step 1: Creation of urgency Change can only happen in a company if at all every person or stakeholders in the company desire the change. Develop ing a sense of urgency in an organization starts with identifying and accepting the existing weaknesses in the company because the thought of the company falling or losing their investments arouses managers need to act, and similarly spreads the aspect of urgency to other stakeholders. Financial problems or loss of workforce mostly sparks people to act or make a decision in most companies. Human nature requires a touchable or a foreseeable aspect of failure in order to come out of their comfort zones. For change to occur successfully and effectively in any organization, managers or executives of the company must facilitate a coordinate a discussion where actual problems and threats are mentioned and analyzed (Shaffer & Thompson, 2008). In most scenarios, external consultation has proved to be the most effective, as it brings out the overall weaknesses of the entire company and eliminates biasness. According to Kotter, the degree of urgency is huge enough when about two thirds of the organization’s executives becomes understands the fact that the existing organizational culture and practices are out of line and need to change. Change in most cases starts with an individual or a few people and then others realizes it significance with time. FedEx as a company can take the following steps to initiate change: 1. Documentation of potential threats and forecast in the future in order to predict situations

The Fetch Execute Cycle Computer Science Essay

The Fetch Execute Cycle Computer Science Essay Within this report about Computer Hardware, the report will cover the main concepts of computer hardware. Within this report there will be information about the main concepts of a computer system also. These main concepts will include Processors, Memory (Primary and Secondary), Input and output devices under the user types and networking, and support elements that will help the overall performance of a computer. Processors are parts of the computer that heart and brain of every computer, as it allows the processing of data in the computer system as well as the allowing instructions to be stored onto memory. The processor communicates with all the components of the computer. It mostly helps with the hardware, memory, and RAM of the computer or laptop CPU The CPU or central Processing unit is the most important and without the CPU the system would not be about to process anything. The Primary usage of the CPU is when instructions for the computer are created. Instructions are taken to decode a number of data types from programs. The CPU has to implement 4 basic functions during the fetch execute cycle; these are Fetch, Decode, Execute and Store (Hubapges, 2012). Fetch-execute cycle The Fetch-execute cycle is the sequence that the CPU gets an instruction from a certain program memory, decodes the incoming message and carries out that certain request. (Rob Williams, (2006) p52-54). Each of the instructions has an address, and the processor takes the address from something called the program counter. The program counter is in charge for tracking what instructions the CPU should execute. In basic teams instructions from memory being tracked (Hubpages (2012). The Following are the stages from inside a Fetch-execute Cycle Decode Once the CPU fetches the instructions, decodes the instruction, and then strips it down so that it can be easily executed (Complete PC Pedia. 2010). However some CPUs understand different types of instructions. For Example Assembly codes must be decoded into binary instructions. (Hubpages, 2012). Execution -After the decoding has been executed, memory is needed for data to be performed. For example a command to print is given when the first instruction has reached the CPU. Store after the execution, the CPU writes the results onto the main memory or on a register. The CPU must then give some feedback after execution. Then output data is written to the memory.Made in a presentation owned by De Montfort University, copyright them. To the right is a diagram that shows the basic stages of the fetch-execute cycle Shane Preece. (2008) Registers Whenever the processors execute instructions, data is temporarily stored in local memory locations of 8-64 bits called registers. The type processor the machine owns depends on the overall number of registers which can vary from ten to many hundreds and even thousands. There are many types of registers but the main ones are listed below. Accumulator register which stores arithmetic operations, as well as logical one; Status register holds system status indicators such as overflow; Instruction register contains the current instruction being processed; Ordinal counter contains addresses of the next instruction; (Kioskea.net. (N/A)) Examples of other Processors Microprocessor: A microprocessor is a circuit that has been integrated on a tiny silicon chip that contains millions of tiny switches on/out, known as transistors. These are laid along microscopic lines that store or manipulate data. These circuits copy data in patterns, and these patterns that can be programmed by software to help the machine do many useful tasks. (Belarus network. (2009).) Graphics processing unit (GPU) The Graphics Processing Unit is somewhat like the CPU (Central Processing Unit). GPU is a single-chip processor. While the CPU acts like the brain of the system, the GPU is primarily used for the computing 3D functions. For example lighting effects, object transformations, and 3D motion. (TechTerms.com. (2012)) Memory Memory is split into two parts. Primary and Secondary Primary memory is one of the most important parts of a computer. The processors inside the computer stores and retrieves information from the memory and is accessed by the CPU in a random order making RAM or random access memory. So any location of this memory can be accessed by the CPU to store or read. Random Access Memory, or RAM, is the most common under the major types of Semiconductor memory. RAM has the ability to both read data from memory and also is able to write new data into memory really easy and incredibly fast. Both reading and writing is done via electrical signals. However RAM is classed a volatile. This is when the memory is deleted when there is no power resulting in the loss of data. Leading to RAM used only as temporary storage. RAM also has two different types being DRAM and SRAM. (William Stallings (2006). 148-149.) DRAM or Dynamic memory is made with cells that hold data as charge on capacitors. The showing of charge in is the binary code of 1 or 0 when present or absent. DRAM is used in main memory. (William Stallings (2006). 148-149.) SRAM or static random access memory is made up of 1000s of flip-flop circuits. While SRAM is the much fastest between the two, it is the most expensive of read-write memory. The SRAM is the fastest on-chip cache memory. Also compared to DRAM, it is low power consuming and is brilliant for battery-powered portable machines. SRAM is used in cache memory. (Rob Williams (2006). p121.) ROM Read only memory contains patterns of data that cannot be edited or changed. ROM is classed as non-volatile, meaning no power supply is needed in order to maintain the bit values in the memory. ROM is what it is, read only, cannot be changed or rewritten. One of the best things about ROM is that all the data or program is always located in the main memory and it will never be needed to be loaded into some form of secondary storage device. (William Stallings (2006). 148-149.) Cache Memory Cache Memory lies between main memory and CPU. The Cache memory is random access memory that the computers microprocessor can access more quickly than its RAM. When the microprocessor processes data, firstly it takes a look in the  cache  memory and if it finds the data there. (Kioskea.net. (N/A)). Cache memory is local memory that causes waiting times for information stored in the RAM (Random Access Memory). This overall effects the speed performance of the computers main memory making it slower than that of the processor, but at the same time are certain types of memory is faster, but has greatly increased costs. Cache memory is sometimes put into levels of closeness or accessibility to the microprocessor. An example of a cache level is L1 cache; this is on the same chip as the microprocessor, or L2 is usually a separate static RAM (SRAM) chip. The main RAM is usually a dynamic RAM (DRAM) chip. (SearchStorage (2000)). Cache also reduces the latency time of memory when transferring information. When the processor is in operation, L1 cache can interface with L2 controllers to transfer information Also the L2 cache interfaces with the RAM (level three caches) to allow transfers. (Kioskea.net. (N/A)). Virtual Memory Virtual memory today is now very common, as virtual memory can be located in all types computers and operating systems. Virtual memory can even be found in the smallest microprocessor to the largest supercomputer. However Virtual Memory is not real, physical memory, as it is a type of storage space so large that programmers do not need to edit the programs or documents in way shape or form. Whenever the content of a program is loaded the amount of a local memory is changed. (Peter J.Denning. (1996). p213-216.) Secondary memory Secondary is the slowest and cheapest form of memory that money can buy. It stores the data permanently unless it is erased however itt cannot be processed directly by the CPU so it must be manually copied from primary storage. Secondary Memory can include types such as magnetic disks, optical disks and sometimes magnetic tapes. WikiAnswers. (2012). Magnetic disks Magnetic disks are data that is encoded on disks. This enables the user the ability to store information on a magnetic disk as many times as you want as well as erase it. Examples are Hard Drives and Floppy Disks First is the floppy disk : One of the first types of secondary memory, floppy disks consists of a typical 5 ¼-inch floppy disk that can hold 360Kb or 1.2MB. However 3 ½-inches normally store 720Kb, 1.2MB or 1.44MB of data. Webopedia. (2012). The Hard disk is the most common secondary data as they are used in almost every computer system as they provide A LOT of data for the operating system, files, music and games that you want to store on the machine. Hard disks can store from 20MB to more than 200GB. Hard disks are also 10 to 100 times faster than floppy disks. Webopedia. (2012). Removable cartridge hard disks encased in a metal or plastic cartridge, so you can remove them just like a floppy disk. Removable cartridges are very fast, though usually not as fast as fixed hard disks. Optical disks Optical disks record data by burning microscopic holes in the surface of the disk with a laser. To read the disk, another laser beam shines on the disk and detects the holes by changes in the reflection pattern. Webopedia. (2012). CD-ROM : Most optical disks are read-only. When you purchase them, they are already filled with data. You can read the data from a CD-ROM, but you cannot modify, delete, or write new data. Webopedia. (2012). Input and Output elements The input and output devices are another important part for a computer system. Devices you use will depend on what kind of data needs to be inputted onto the machine then a output will be produced of the results. This certain output can be displayed via a computer screen, printed page, and even the audio. Input and output elements can be either for the user or network. Below are some of the main input elements for the user Keyboard A keyboard is one of the most common parts of a computer system that is used to enter text into the computer and display it to the screen. The keyboard can also be used to type commands, such as an on-screen menu using a mouse. Plus most keyboards these days are not just used for typing text, but also most now have numeric keypad, editing keys and a row of function keys along the top. UNM-LA. (2004). Mouse A mouse is by far the most common pointing input device for computers. With the working mechanics of a ball on its underside that rolls on a flat surface causes the pointer on the screen to move. The mouse allows you to reposition the pointer on the screen that shows where the next interaction with the computer can take place. The cursor can also be moved by pressing different keyboard keys. N/A. (N/A). Scanners Scanners are special devices that copy images from a hardcopy source and then copys it to the screen making a digital copy. It works by the image being converted to numerically and sent to the computer for very colour weather it is light or dark. Scanners normally scan graphic pages however they can be used to scan text pages using the OCR or Optical Character Recognition. UNM-LA. (2004). Types of Screens Cathode ray tube or CRT monitors display text and graphics are some of the most common used today. Another type of screen flat panel display usually uses an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen to display output from the computer. A flat display often seen on watches and calculators. LCD screens are used on laptop computers. Some LCDs are monochrome, but colour screens are popular. Some laptop screens are nearing CRTs in resolution quality. N/A. (N/A). Trackball Trackballs are like a mouse variation that is used to play video games. The trackball is basically an upside-down mouse-you roll the ball directly with your hand. N/A. (N/A) Below are some of the main output elements for the user Printers Today the most common printer would have to be ink jet printer as they produce for hardcopy output. These printers print a on the page by spraying ink to the page. However these printers need a lot of ink. Also a common printer is laser printers. These printers produce some of the best kind of image quality. NM-LA. (2004). Speakers Computers Speakers produce output via sound also, from very basic beeps, to some of the best sounds via game sound effects or music. Basic sounds may be on the motherboard, but high quality audio are from speakers that output from a PC which can be inserted to in a expansion slot,. UNM-LA. (2004). Networking inputs and outputs Modems Modems use data communications via a dial-up or broadband connection that allows computers to exchange data. The normal telephone modem offers communication rates from 300-56000bps. For a modem, it contains two different types of translators. The first is the Modulator which transmits digital signals out down the phone line in analogue form. While the demodulator receives analogue signals from the phone line and converts them back into digital form. Rob Williams (2006) Hub A hub is one of the most basic networking devices, which can connect ma number of computers or network devices together. Unlike a network router, network hubs have no routing tables where they can send information and broadcasts. Most hubs can detect basic network problems such as collisions, however if there is multiple ports being used, the risk of security risks can increase. With hubs, they serve as central connection points for local area networks (LANs). Also there are not just box hubs, but USB ones as well. Computer Hope. (2012) Support Elements Support elements for a computer are to help the computer system. This can be classed as performance aiding such as increasing the computers performance, elements such as making the computer not suffer from a system failure due to overheating and even elements that help support the whole computer by keeping it protected or helping it work. 1. The use of support elements below are elements that transfer information between components Buses A system bus is a special set of physical connections such as cables, which are shared by multiple hardware components in order to communicate with each other The purpose of system buses is to reduce the number of pathways that are needed for communication between computers components, by carrying out all communications over a single data channel. Below is a diagram of a bus and it shows how a simple bus change can be put into place to make the flow of data simple and not complex., compared to the one on the left. . (Kioskea.net. (n/a)) schematic diagram of a bus A system bus is sorted by the amount of information that is transmitted, which is shown in bits. For example a 32-wire ribbon cable can transmit 32 bits in parallel. While the speed of the bus speed is called frequency and shown as Hertz which is the number of data packets sent or received per second. This is known as a cycle. (Kioskea.net. (n/a)) System Buses are split up into three distinct groups. They are Data, Address and Control. Data buses are normally 32 bits wide but can be increased to bits of 64 Address buses are 32 bits but will require more space soon Control bus- about 15 lines responsible for starting and stopping activities (Rob Williams( 2006)(p56-59) Fiber Cable Fiber optic cable are cables that are made of a very clear glass tube that transmits light to and from a system. Light will travel down the tube in a straight line. The light jumps off of the mirrors in the wire and is directed back into the fiber optic core to continue its journey along the cable. Michelle Miley. (1999). The next type of support elements are to put power in and take excess power out The power supply is hands down the most vital part of any computer system. The power supply converts the AC or alternating current from your home to the direct current or DC. In a PC or personal computer, the power supply is a large metal box usually found in a corner of the case with or next to the fans. The power supply is visible from the back as it contains the power-cord receptacle and the cooling fan. Gary Brown. (1998). Fans One of the main components in a compute is a fan. An example of this can be found in the CPU as there is a CPU fan. Fans are one of the most effective ways to cool down the computers processor and protect the computer from overheating and damaging the system. The CPU fan actively cools the processor by bringing in cooler air. Also cooling fans are available in a many of sizes. The CPUs cooling fans are attached directly to the top of the CPU, and works together with an aluminium heat sink fan. They cool down the CPU and reduce the amount of hot air from circulating around in the computer case. Heat sink An aluminium heat sink fan is a cooling device that draws heat away from the computers components into its large surface area to transfer cooler. This cooling device works at the same time as everything else in the computer. NMB. (2010). The next types are support elements to hold and support the components The Case The computer case can be the aluminum, steel and/or plastic shell that protects all of the computers components. Computer Cases are built to support a certain sets of hardware, in other words not all motherboards, optical drives or other hardware may be compatible with a particular computer case as the size maybe incompatible. Some computer cases come with power supplies or other essential hardware preinstalled. Motherboard A motherboard holds all the main elements of the computer or laptop together. Located on the motherboard, the CPU must be matched a slot in the motherboard so that it may fit into the motherboards sockets. The Motherboard allows the communication of electrical signals to pass through the computer. Without it the computer would be nothing more than an empty shell. Conclusion In conclusion, this report has cover the main attributes of computer hardware being the processor, memory, Input and output elements and support elements. The processor is the brain of the computer and the CPU or central processing unit is the main type of processor in front of the microprocessor and the CPU uses the fetch-execute cycle. While memory covered primary and secondary. Primary being main memory accessed by the CPU and examples are RAM, ROM, Registers and cache. Secondary is stored information, and examples are Optical and Magnetic. While Input/output elements include Keyboards, mouses, screens, printers (user) and Modems and HUBs (network). Also support elements are system buses, cables, power supplies, cases and motherboards that help the performance of the machine.

Social Responsibility in Akira Kurosawa’s Movie, Seven Samurai :: Movie Film Essays

Social Responsibility in Akira Kurosawa’s Movie, Seven Samurai It is truly a corrupt time when keepers of the peace must create unrest in order to survive. In sixteenth century Sengoku jidai Japan, it is survival of the fittest; a major part of this survival is what class one has been born into. Organized politics have been said to be a luxury of developed civilizations. Given that a poor farming village in sixteenth century Japan is hardly developed, the harsh rules of nature are ascribed to instead. Weakened by a continuing drought topped with unrelenting bandit raids, they must appeal to those who are stronger for help. However, in this land where the strong are successful, this will mean anyone who comes to the aid of these farmers will be stooping to work for their social inferiors. It is understood that violence has a starring role in samurai movies. In recent markets, a movie with as much blood as dialogue, though harshly criticized, will do decently in the box office. For the most part, Western cinema has been blamed as the cheapener of something that once was art. However, Akira Kurosawa’s Seven Samurai approaches mortal combat from a different perspective. The scavenging bandits kill indiscriminately, taking what they want and destroying the rest. The honorable samurai, on the other hand, use their sword sparingly. The movie’s first killing is given to Kambei, who draws his sword on a kidnapping robber only to save another life. Credit is due to Kurosawa who takes care not to make light of death. In a particularly haunting scene, a bandit lays impaled on a villagers spear. This portrayal of the impact taking a life can have is something often overlooked a genre that usually glorifies the act. Kurosawa’s greatest achievement with Samurai is his statement on social responsibility. Kambei and his team of samurai choose to help the villagers despite the lack of a reward or even glory. By helping those less fortunate to achieve a semblance of at least a productive way of life and exterminating those who are willing to exploit others for personal gain, a nation can be at peace and therefore prosperous.

Exclusionary Rule Essay

The exclusionary rule is a legal procedure in the United States, which falls under the constitution. It protects citizens of the country in making sure that law enforcement officers are operating lawfully and that they abide by all search and seizure laws. It goes so far to protect the citizens of The United States that if a law enforcement officer illegally obtains evidence it can and most likely will be thrown out of the court. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the exclusionary rule, exploring its fallacies and importance while also including the history and evolution of the controversial exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule is a very important legal principle in the United States and is crucial to keeping law enforcement and the judicial system in a fair balance with accordance to the United States Constitution. The exclusionary rule was never even thought about or existed until the early 20th century. Samaha (2012) states that before the exclusionary rule ever existed the only remedy for constitutional violations involving the exclusionary rule were private lawsuits. The framers of the constitution had it in their mind that judges would just handle each case as they see fitting to the nature of the situation. However this seemed not to work for quite  some time as there was a police misunderstanding of the 4th and 5th amendments figuratively speaking. It wasn’t until 1914 when citizens of the United States began to receive their liberty back piece by piece. In the case of _Weeks v U.S.,_ federal officials raided his house in order to obtain evidence in a gambling case against Freemont Weeks. They had no warrant and no right to be in his house to seize any  of his possessions. So Freemont appealed and he won, in a way. The Supreme Court ruled to give back his belongings. They did not return contraband and this rule only applied to the federal law enforcement. Which is why this is the first hint of a trend towards a prominent and well known exclusionary rule. There was many Judges and government officials who still refused to side with Justice Edward White in the case of Freemont Weeks. For example, in the case of _People v. Defore_ Judge Cardozo mad his opinion very well-known and famous. According to Kamisar (2003) in the _People v. Defore_ case Judge Cardozo boasts his opinion very loudly and clearly stating that he would not adopt the exclusionary rule within New York. Kamisar (2003) then goes on to quote Judge Cardozo: â€Å"excluding illegally seized evidence was not the only effective way to enforce the Fourth Amendment†. Cardozo was not the last Judge or Justice to disagree with the new trend. The next case to disagree with Cardozo and many other opposing Judges would have to be _Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. U.S._ (1920). Justice Department officers and a U.S. Marshall entered the lumber company’s office and illegally obtained all of the company’s documents. They then went on to make photo copies and subpoenaed the Silverthornes. When they refused to follow court orders they were taken into custody for contempt of court. Samaha (2012) states that â€Å"According to Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, the government’s search and seizure ‘was an outrage'†. This case expanded the exclusionary rule introducing the Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine. This doctrine bans the use of evidence indirectly based on an illegal government  action. Even after multiple court cases ruled in favor of the exclusionary many state legislatures still were not in agreement with the [exclusionary] rule. Some legislatures found ways around the fourth amendment. In the case of _Coolidge v. New Hampshire_ New Hampshire’s legislature was challenged on their warrant issuing practices. According to Lynch (2000) New Hampshire law was very controversial in the manner of how warrants were issued. The warrant-issuing power was vested in the Justice of the Peace. Now judges must issue warrants; but in the past it was very prominent for Justices of the Peace to fulfill this duty. In New Hampshire they vested the Justice of the Peace within the executive branch of the government. In other words, according to Lynch (2000) the â€Å"police officers had subverted the Fourth Amendment by issuing search warrants to themselves†. The Supreme Court ruled that New Hampshire’s practices were unconstitutional because the executive branch was issuing warrants to themselves. This practice was very opposing to the idea of checks and balances. This court case was a very historical one in which ruled in application with the separation of powers doctrine. It also further supported the exclusionary rule. One of the biggest cases in the history of the United States and the biggest turning point for the exclusionary rule was in the case of _Mapp v. Ohio._ In this case officers forcibly entered Miss Mapp’s home without a search warrant or consent and provided a false warrant. Before this case not all states adopted the exclusionary rule. In the dissent by Harlan, Frankfurter, and Whittaker (1961) they stated that the â€Å"_Weeks_ exclusionary rule should also be enforced against the states†. Lafave (2009) also touches on the case quoting the courts statements: â€Å"[A]ll evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution is, by that same authority, inadmissible in a state court†. Estreicher, S. and Weick, D. P. (2010) make an extremely valid  and important point; stressing that the exclusionary rule is â€Å"constitutionally required because it was the ‘only effective available way’ to enforce the constitutional guarantyâ⠂¬ . This case is so historically significant because of this ruling. Finally, nearly 50 years after the _Weeks_ case, the exclusionary rule applied to all states. Even though the rule applied to all states we still did not have every aspect of the rule covered. The ‘Knock and Announce’ rule was always under controversy as to if the exclusionary rule was applicable in such situations. It wasn’t until _Hudson v. Michigan_ when the courts clarified the issue. The police had a warrant to enter _Hudson’s_ home and when they knocked and announced their presence they waited a mere three to five seconds before entering the premise. Hudson appealed stating his fourth amendment rights were violated because the officers did not follow ‘Knock and Announce’ procedures. His evidence was suppressed, but later the appeal was reversed by Michigan Court of Appeals. According to Justice Scalia the waiting period of the officers had no connection to the discovery of the illegal drugs and weapons. Because of this case the ‘Knock and Announce Rule’ was clarified by stating that the rule did not have any interest in preventing the government from taking evidence described in a warrant. Tomkovicz (2008) believes that this case was intended to further the restrictions on the exclusionary rule. I have to agree with Tomkovicz in this statement. Gittins (2007) also makes a valid argument in concerning the argument. He [Gittins] states that during the night hours residents will have a longer period of time in which they will be able to open the door. However the courts have found that very short periods of time (five seconds) can be â€Å"reasonable wait times†. Courts are still in the process of clarifying the exclusionary rule; although _Hudson v. Michigan_ added some amount of clarity to the issue. Lastly, and the most recent court case concerning the exclusionary rule is _Herring v. U.S._ in which a recalled arrest warrant was executed  accidently. The Coffee County Sheriff’s Department were executing a warrant in which the county clerk found to be accurate. Upon arrest they soon learned the warrant was recalled some five months ago. Herring moved to suppress the evidence on the motion that his warrant was rescinded. Josephson (2009) states that the courts generally exclude the exclusionary rule when there are negligent errors amongst recordkeeping. The court denied Herring’s motion for suppression because of the Good Faith Clause established in _U.S. v. Leon._ This is a significant case because of how it furthered the interpretation of the exclusionary rule. Josephson (2009) explains how this case interpreted the exclusionary rule’s main goal which is â€Å"the deterrence of unconstitutional police conduct†. Therefore by the police unknowingly executing what they thought to be an accurate warrant left the evidence applicable in courts. The exclusionary rule is intended to keep law enforcement and federal officials in check with the constitution. But often there is the controversial topic of whether or not the framers of the constitution intended for such a rule. The framers never had any motion to include an â€Å"exclusionary rule† into the fourth amendment. However, Geller (1975) makes an excellent observation stating that the framers didn’t provide any remedies for a violation of the fourth amendment. Which brings me to my next topic of the controversy. Because the framers left no remedies for violations of the fourth amendment, the courts were left to create the exclusionary rule to deter law enforcement from violating citizen’s rights. Many argue  that this does not effectively deter officers. Geller (1975) argues that there is no significant evidence to support such claims. Geller (1975) also comments on alternatives declaring that â€Å"Until data [is] available concerning the effect of these alternatives, it is impossible to state with any degree of certainty that these alternatives are either more effective or less effective than the exclusionary rule.† The last major issue I found in Geller’s (1975) journal came from a group called Americans for Effective Law Enforcement (AELE). They seem to believe the exclusionary rule is no longer necessary due to the high degree of police professionalism. AELE believe police violations are unintentional and because of their high degree of professionalism they act in â€Å"Good Faith†. Therefore petty mistakes allow evidence to be excluded and free criminals. Until there is a significant study that entails multiple well rounded solutions to the exclusionary rule; I do not see any possible alternatives. The exclusionary rule was created almost one hundred years ago. The rule will continue to be reformed and transformed as time goes on. Although there may be a substantial argument pertaining to the issue, we need the exclusionary rule. Undoubtedly the rule has an abundance of justifications compared to its fallacies. It was stated loud and clear by the framers some two hundred years ago what rights we as American people possess. The exclusionary rule is a major backbone of the judicial system of our country, it maintains the system of checks and balances keeping the American people’s rights prevalent and intact. The exclusionary rule is in working order, being reformed every day to protect our civil liberty and keep the integrity of our constitution set out by our own framers. Bibliography Estreicher, S. and Weick, D. P. (2010) Opting for a legislative alternative to the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule. UMKC Law Review. 78, 949. Gittins, J. (2007). Excluding the exclusionary rule. Brigham Young University Law Review, 2007, 451-481. Josephson, M. (2009). To exclude or not to exclude: The future of the exclusionary rule after Herring v. United States. Creighton Law Review, 43, 175-203. Kamisar, Y. (2003). In defense of the search and seizure exclusionary rule. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 26(1), 119. Lafave, W. (2009). Recent developments: The smell of Herring: A critique of the Supreme Court’s latest assault on the exclusionary rule. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 99(3), 757-787. Lynch, T. (2000). In defense of the exclusionary rule. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 23(3), 711. Samaha, J. (2012). Criminal procedure (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: West/Wadsworth. Tomkovicz, J. (2008). Hudson v. Michigan and the Future of Fourth Amendment Exclusion Iowa Law Review, 93. Retrieved October 29, 2013, from http://www.law.uiowa.edu/documents/ilr/to Bibliography Geller W. ,Enforcing the Fourth Amendment: The Exclusionary Rule and Its Alternatives, 1975 Wash. U. L. Q. 621 (1975).

Free Essays on Future

The future for me is a very vague subject to discuss because I don't tend to think of the future as something that can be planned for but rather as something that I can only attempt to improve. Based on this main belief I tend to take life one-step at a time and that is one of my biggest flaws. This shortsighted way of thinking undermines my attitude towards planning and limits my chances of achieving my goals in life. My main goal in life educationally are to get into either Engineering or Computer Science and graduate from any decent college, my vision of my future is rather shrouded and obscured by the many obstacles that are in my way. The thing that I hate most about the future is that it is undefined and so I have to try as hard as I can to make sure that the best possible future is the outcome of my labors. I will have to meet many educational prerequisites to attain what I want in life but more importantly I will also have to meet many spiritual prerequisites, I find that preparing myself for the future is very tough because it's not methodical and so I have to attempt to not only alter my mathematical way of thinking but also be more prepared for the uncertainties that I will have to face during my everyday life. The reason I am so resentful of the future and it's uncertainties is because these uncertainties are the very nature of any diplomatic life and ever since I was born I have bee n exposed and forced to tolerate them. What I do with my future is therefore going to me greatly influenced by my childhood experiences and I find that I would much rather have a reasonably predictable and stable life as apposed to the impetuous life that I lead with my family at the moment. I want to achieve a lot of things in the future and I know that most of them will probably never come true because the future is an "unreliable backstabber" as the famous Arabic saying goes and so I must learn to live with it and remember only all th... Free Essays on Future Free Essays on Future The future for me is a very vague subject to discuss because I don't tend to think of the future as something that can be planned for but rather as something that I can only attempt to improve. Based on this main belief I tend to take life one-step at a time and that is one of my biggest flaws. This shortsighted way of thinking undermines my attitude towards planning and limits my chances of achieving my goals in life. My main goal in life educationally are to get into either Engineering or Computer Science and graduate from any decent college, my vision of my future is rather shrouded and obscured by the many obstacles that are in my way. The thing that I hate most about the future is that it is undefined and so I have to try as hard as I can to make sure that the best possible future is the outcome of my labors. I will have to meet many educational prerequisites to attain what I want in life but more importantly I will also have to meet many spiritual prerequisites, I find that preparing myself for the future is very tough because it's not methodical and so I have to attempt to not only alter my mathematical way of thinking but also be more prepared for the uncertainties that I will have to face during my everyday life. The reason I am so resentful of the future and it's uncertainties is because these uncertainties are the very nature of any diplomatic life and ever since I was born I have bee n exposed and forced to tolerate them. What I do with my future is therefore going to me greatly influenced by my childhood experiences and I find that I would much rather have a reasonably predictable and stable life as apposed to the impetuous life that I lead with my family at the moment. I want to achieve a lot of things in the future and I know that most of them will probably never come true because the future is an "unreliable backstabber" as the famous Arabic saying goes and so I must learn to live with it and remember only all th... Free Essays on Future It was ten o’clock on an average Monday morning. I had nothing planned for the day. My day off, Chris is at school and my wife Jackie is at work. Going to sit on the couch and watch football all day. Thinking of these great thoughts, it was interrupted by a ringing. Damn, the phone rang, I picked it up and it was Jim. Jim is my assistant manager at my auto shop down on the main strip of town. â€Å"Hello† â€Å"Hey this is Jim, what are you up to?† â€Å"Nothing, what can I do for you?† I asked him. â€Å"I was just wondering if it would be possible for you to cover my shift today.† â€Å"Yeah, I can do that. What is the occasion?† I asked him. â€Å"It is my birthday and my friends have something planned for me today† â€Å"oh† â€Å"Alright, I will be in today. See you later.† â€Å"Bye† I drag myself out of bed and stumble to the bathroom. Get into the shower to begin getting ready for work. Get out of the shower and start getting ready for work. I get dressed and then head to the bathroom again to brush my teeth and comb my hair. Feeling hungry I start to the kitchen, thinking of what I am going to make myself for breakfast, the phone rings. I pick up the phone, â€Å"Hello† â€Å"Hi it is me, what are you up to today?† My wife says. â€Å"I just got called into work† â€Å"How late do you have to work?† she replies. â€Å"Until about eight or eight thirty. You are going to have to pick up Chris from school on your way home from school.† â€Å"Okay, I will see you when you get home tonight.† Back to my mission, I head for the kitchen, starving. Open the cupboard, willing to eat anything. Grabbing the box of Cinnamon Toast Crunch, my mouth starts to water. I get the milk and spoon and prepare the bowl of cereal. After I finish eating it is about Eleven Twenty in the morning. Throw my bowl in the dish washer, grab my keys and head out the door for work. Get into my new lime green Toyot...

Catch 22 Analysis essays

Catch 22 Analysis essays Comical in style and language, the message that Catch-22 introduces to its reader is one of a grim worlds decay. Hellers fictional story portrays absurd characters and situations, but the underlying theme of human decadence is clearly visible, especially in the last portion of the book. Hellers attitude towards his characters also gives way to an overwhelming tone of pity and sorrow for the world and its population. The overall theme of the novel depicts a decline in individuality, decay of human moral, and a certain loss of awareness of both surrounding events and personal action. The wartime atmosphere that surrounds the book and its characters has directly helped bring about all three evils. Much of the blame can be placed in the hands of particular characters, such as Milo, Aarfy, and Cathcart, who take advantage of the wartime hysteria for personal gain. The rest can be accounted as the evils of war and the squadrons compliance to the wrong doings. Catch-22 distinctly depicts a certain loss of individuality among the soldiers of Pianosa. Although the book starts with a variety of characters, who take part in different activities that enrich their community, it shows a pattern of slowly diminishing individuality among them. This trend become more apparent as the book progresses, and eventually fosters situations that can be characterized as simply farce. One such incident is clearly portrayed in SHITHEADs parade strategies. As the book begins, SHITHEAD is introduced as a lover of parades and little else. At first strict, wanting all soldiers to march in perfect formation, he later wishes to string together all participants to create a perfect march. His ambitions are hilarious at first glance, but it is evident that human life holds little value in SHITHEADs mind. He is only concerned with perfection and looks to the soldiers as mere robots with no individuality and of only one use, to parti...

Genetically Modified Organisms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Genetically Modified Organisms - Essay Example An organism that has been subjected to such genetic manipulation is referred to as a genetically modified organism. Genetic modification involves the altering of the DNA code in a cell that is artificially grown in a laboratory before being reinserted into the same organism or an unrelated organism. The totality of genetic information that is present within the DNA of an organism is called genome, and this information is coded in such a way that it can be understood by all other living species. According to this coding system, four nucleotides are required to provide instructions to a cell on how it is to make any protein. (Steinbrecher, 1998). Nucleotides are DNA units whose names are listed as letters – A, C, G and T. The arrangement of these in three letter words is equivalent to the code for specific amino acids. Within each gene, there are also regulatory elements which function as flags to control gene activity. Each gene also has an information block, which prevents gene activity from moving in an unusual direction. As a result, gene regulation is specific to the context of its environment.(Steinbrecher, 1998). The process of genetically modifying an organism, which transports a gene from one organism into another, must also provide a means to circumvent the information block with cells of each organism, in order to provide recognizable flags or control sequences, which the other organism will recognize and accept. This is accomplished through the use of viruses, which are able to integrate their own DNA information into a host cell and cause it to multiply. This occurs due to the presence of powerful promoters in the viral cells that force the host cell to read viral genes and produce viral proteins, thereby producing construct or combined genes that can be used to produce desired changes in an organism (Steinbrecher, 1998). One of the most common examples of genetically modified organisms are crops such as pest resistant

Choose (or create) and justify a METAPHOR which you feel best Essay

Choose (or create) and justify a METAPHOR which you feel best represents the literature of the late 20th - Essay Example Eliot, William Carlos Williams and James Joyce). Through a natural artistic progression of action/reaction, then, the post-modern movement that followed the modernist movement, used the trappings of relativity to examine and express that the juxtaposition of random events to expectations of relativity creates the illusion of an epiphany. In this essay, I will cite examples from two well-respected and critically acclaimed authors, Thomas Pynchon and Don DeLillo, to illustrate how they achieve this aim in contemporary perspectives, namely sociological and technical. Before we get to our examples, however, we need to start with the idea of epiphany and its recent place in literature. Long has the term â€Å"epiphany† been part of the Christian lexicon. It wasn’t until James Joyce introduced the term in his Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, that it gained a new connotation—one that deeply permeates literary fiction still today. An epiphany, as presented by Joyce, can be seen as the moment when a character comes to an illuminating realization wherein all that has been learned, or at least presented to the reader, makes sense as interconnected parts of a whole. For instance, in Portrait of the Artist of a Young Man, that moment comes when the protagonist, Stephen Dedalus, who spends much of the book struggling to understand the justice of Christianity and his place in it (among other things), comes to a moment wherein he sees God and God’s love in all things, as they comes together like puzzle pieces that form a new picture of Stephen’s reality. The reaction to this, then, is that all of the elements we encounter in everyday reality are not related, however, in any objective sense, but products of randomness in which we assign relative meaning to them; thus we create our own epiphanies. While his first three books

Assessment of Vital SIgns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assessment of Vital SIgns - Essay Example After a brief interview, the patient reveals the cause of her short breath and explains she deliberately avoided the escalator on her way to the examination room and took a walk up the stairs (following the doctors’ advice to exercise some more). I allow her approximately 15 minutes to calm down then provide her with a gown and leave the room for her to change after instructing her to remove all her dressing except the briefs and put on the gown so that the opening is on the rear. The examination room is quiet, warm and well lit. All the measurements are taken with the patient seated down (McPhee & Papadakis, 2011). Since the patient has been allowed over 10 minutes to calm down and has not eaten or drank anything hot or cold, smoked, chewed gum in the last 10 minutes, I proceed to assess her temperature. I place a digital thermometer under her tongue to take an oral temperature and wait for it to beep before withdrawing it. I then note the patient’s temperature as indicated by the thermometer, part of the body from where it is taken and the time it was taken (McPhee, Papadakis, & Rabow, 2012). To find the patient’s pulse, I use my fingers (without the thumb) to press against the bony part of the patient’s wrist. Pressing the artery between the fingers and the wrist bone assists me to feel the pulse. Care is taken not to press too hard. Upon finding a pulse, I use a timer to count the number of beats that occur in a minute (since the pulse appears irregular). I then write down the heart rate, the irregularities observed and the time the pulse is taken (Crouch & Meurier, 2011). I then go on to assess the respiration without informing my patient since her knowledge of an on-going respiration assessment may inevitably cause her to alter her respiration and hence lead to erroneous conclusions. I count the

Demographic Transition Models Essay Example for Free

Demographic Transition Models Essay The Demographic Transition is a model that describes population change over time. As with all models, the demographic transition model has its applications and limitations. Applications The model describes population change over time and can be applied to many countries (based on the change in crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) over time) Can be used for comparison and also prediction from stages 1 to 4 Outline the population characteristics of societies at various stages of the development Population structures can be related to the model The model is often applied to lesser developed countries to allay concerns regarding overpopulation, without proof that the underlying dynamics will allow these countries to trace similar evolution paths as the European and other Western countries. Limitations Birth rates in several MEDCs have fallen below death rates (Germany, Sweden). This has caused, for the first time, a population decline which suggests that perhaps the model should have a fifth stage added to it. However the model does not go beyond Stage 4. The model assumes that in time all countries pass through the same four stages. It now seems unlikely, however, that many LEDCs, especially in Africa, will become industrialized External influences are not considered. The model assumes that the fall in the death rate in Stage 2 was the consequence of industrialisation.  Initially, the death rate in many British cities rose, due to the unsanitary conditions which resulted from rapid urban growth, and it only began to fall after advances were made in medicine. The delayed fall in the death rate in many developing countries has been due mainly to their inability to afford medical facilities. In many countries, the fall in the birth rate in Stage 3 has been less rapid than the model suggests due to religious and/or political opposition to birth control (Brazil), whereas the fall was much more rapid, and came earlier, in China where the government introduced the one child policy. The timescale of the model, especially in several south-east Asian countries such as Hong Kong and Malaysia, is being squashed as they develop at a much faster rate than did the early industrialised countries. The model assumes that all countries will go through the stages 1 to 4 in that exact order. There are variables and exceptions such as war and turmoil that may lead to different results. Some countries may even skip stages Eg. Countries that grew as a consequence of emigration from Europe (USA, Canada, Australia) did not pass through the early stages of the model. The model only reflects natural increase. Eg. There was a major migration overseas during a time period in the UK, where millions were unemployed had an effect on the population on its age structure and as a whole. The model does not forecast changes or provide explanations as to why one stage might lead to the next. The DTM is also limited in the sense that it gives a generalized picture of population change over time based on European studies, assuming that all countries would follow suit.

The Benefits Of Study Hall Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Education

The Benefits Of Study Hall   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mark, you won’t get anywhere without studying†, His mother use to tell him when he use to waist all his time playing rather that studying. Mark wasn’t such a good student because he wouldn’t spend any time studying, until one day his parents decided to send him to Cushing Academy, a boarding school in the USA, which they knew it was going to improve his study habits and help him being more responsible. But what really amazed his parents was this period of time used to study called â€Å"Study Hall†. Because of its amazing results, preparation for college, and providing responsibility, Study Hall remains as one of the vital qualities Cushing Academy possess and give students an opportunity to lead in higher education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Study Hall was Mark’s first negative impression of Cushing Academy. He thought this was done in order to keep the students in silence and restrain them from having freedom. After he experienced Study Hall at Cushing for over two months, he could really see the changes and results it produced on him. He realized that he didn’t have to worry about having enough time for his studies. Also, he could see his grades improve every week. One day Mark received a phone call from his mother. Before picking up the phone, the only thought he had in his mind was that he was going to get grounded for his grades or performance at school. He answered the phone and there was his proud mother congratulating him for his wonderful grades he ...

Automobile Industry Pest Analysis Essay

1. Political Factors A) Environment Concerns: Leading to the quest for eco-friendly cars, people would prone to buy hybrid or even pure electric cars in the future. B) Government Regulations: Limitation on high emission car purchase, and the restrictive passage of autos in downtown area, as well as the limitation on license plate (number plate) in huge cosmopolitans. C) Some pioneering states in the US have started to set the rules to govern robotized motoring (autonomous driving). 2. Economic Factors. A) Economic growth has shifted from traditional strong western countries (US, West Europe, specifically) to other parts of the world, especially, East and Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America. B) Auto Markets in developed countries are saturated: High rate of auto owning, stable population and household quantity. The auto market there is typically of substitution of old car with new ones. C) Public Transportation Infrastructure including high speed rail network, intercity light-rail network, etc, will be perfected in developing countries. D) Fuel cost is on the wing, driving demand for mini-car, A-Class, Compact car. 3. Social Factors. A) In developing countries, owning a car is not only means of transportation but also a need of social status. B) People’s awareness of environment protection is growing. 4. Technological Factors. A) Technology for Electric Engine is maturing, and battery capacity is increasing. Some countries have started to establish infrastructure for electric charging stations. B) The aim to eliminate casualty caused by transportation accident will be met by the adoption and perfection of automatic pilot (unmanned driving). Google has started the trial operation of a fleet of autonomous driving cars. California and Nevada have set rules to govern robotized monitoring. Trend & Segment of Profitable Market for Automobile: 1. Smaller cars such as Mini-cars, A-Class passenger cars, and compact cars will have larger shares of market. 2. Eco-friendly cars and high-tech cars with auto-pilot function will lead the market. 3. Markets with high growth potential will be in developing countries or the so-called emerging economies. Supporting Data: GDP Growth Rate Index: (Source: World Bank) Country Name| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| Macao SAR, China| 3.3 | 1.7 | 27.0 | 20.7 | Qatar| 17.7 | 12.0 | 16.6 | 18.8 | Mongolia| 8.9 | -1.3 | 6.4 | 17.5 | Turkmenistan| 14.7 | 6.1 | 9.2 | 14.7 | Ghana| 8.4 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 14.4 | Panama| 10.1 | 3.9 | 7.6 | 10.6 | Timor-Leste| 14.6 | 12.8 | 9.5 | 10.6 | Iraq| 9.5 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 9.9 | Liberia| 10.5 | 13.8 | 10.9 | 9.4 | Zimbabwe| -17.7 | 6.0 | 9.6 | 9.4 | China| 9.6 | 9.2 | 10.4 | 9.3 | Solomon Islands| 7.3 | -1.2 | 7.0 | 9.0 | Papua New Guinea| 6.7 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 9.0 | Argentina| 6.8 | 0.9 | 9.2 | 8.9 | Eritrea| -9.8 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 8.7 | Turkey| 0.7 | -4.8 | 9.2 | 8.5 | East Asia & Pacific (developing only)| 8.5 | 7.5 | 9.7 | 8.3 | Uzbekistan| 9.0 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 8.3 | Estonia| -4.2 | -14.1 | 3.3 | 8.3 | Rwanda| 11.2 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 8.3 | Sri Lanka| 6.0 | 3.5 | 8.0 | 8.3 | Kuwait| 5.0 | -5.2 | 3.4 | 8.2 | Lao PDR| 7.8 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 8.0 | Equatorial Guinea| 10.7 | 4.6 | -0.5 | 7.8 | Ecuador| 7.2 | 0.4 | 3.6 | 7.8 | Kazakhstan| 3.3 | 1.2 | 7.3 | 7.5 | Maldives| 12.2 | -4.7 | 5.7 | 7.5 | Tajikistan| 21.2 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 7.4 | Nigeria| 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 7.4 | Ethiopia| 10.8 | 8.8 | 9.9 | 7.3 | Mozambique| 6.8 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 7.1 | Cambodia| 6.7 | 0.1 | 6.0 | 7.1 | Georgia| 2.3 | -3.8 | 6.3 | 7.0 | Congo, Dem. Rep.| 6.2 | 2.8 | 7.2 | 6.9 | India| 3.9 | 8.2 | 9.6 | 6.9 | Paraguay| 4.2 | -3.5 | 14.2 | 6.9 | Peru| 9.8 | 0.8 | 8.8 | 6.8 | Saudi Arabia| 4.2 | 0.1 | 4.6 | 6.8 | Bangladesh| 6.2 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 6.7 | Uganda| 8.7 | 7.2 | 5.9 | 6.7 | Upper middle income| 6.1 | 2.0 | 7.8 | 6.6 | South Asia| 3.9 | 7.4 | 8.6 | 6.5 | Zambia| 5.7 | 6.4 | 7.6 | 6.5 | Indonesia| 6.0 | 4.6 | 6.2 | 6.5 | Tanzania| 7.4 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 6.4 | Moldova| 7.8 | -6.0 | 7.1 | 6.4 | Middle income| 5.7 | 2.7 | 7.7 | 6.4 | Low & middle income| 5.7 | 2.7 | 7.7 | 6.4 | Sierra Leone| 5.5 | 3.2 | 4.9 | 6.0 | Chile| 3.7 | -1.0 | 6.1 | 6.0 | Low income| 5.7 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 6.0 | Colombia| 3.5 | 1.7 | 4.0 | 5.9 | Vietnam| 6.3 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 5.9 | Lithuania| 2.9 | -14.7 | 1.3 | 5.9 | Palau| -6.1 | -4.6 | 0.3 | 5.8 | Lesotho| 5.4 | 2.9 | 5.6 | 5.8 | Europe & Central Asia (developing only)| 3.9 | -6.0 | 5.8 | 5.8 | Afghanistan| 3.6 | 21.0 | 8.4 | 5.7 | Botswana| 2.9 | -4.8 | 7.0 | 5.7 | Uruguay| 7.2 | 2.4 | 8.9 | 5.7 | Lower middle income| 4.6 | 5.2 | 7.3 | 5.7 | Kyrgyz Republic| 8.4 | 2.9 | -0.5 | 5.7 | Haiti| 0.8 | 2.9 | -5.4 | 5.6 | Bhutan| 4.7 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 5.6 | High income: nonOECD| 2.7 | -1.3 | 7.3 | 5.6 | Oman| 12.8 | 1.1 | 4.0 | 5.5 | Latvia| -4.2 | -18.0 | -0.3 | 5.5 | Among the countries with a REAL GDP growth rate on or above 5.5%, most of the countries are in South America, Africa, and Eastern Europe. GDP Growth Rate Map: (Source: World Bank). The darker the color, the higher the GDP growth rate of the country. We can see that major economic growth are all out of the traditional western countries. Recently, countries buying most cars are: (Source: http://visual.ly/2012-global-car-sales-statistics).

Japan †United Arab Emirates Economic system Essay

The economy of a country is hugely pegged on Energy and Agriculture among other facets that characterize the growth of an economy. Energy is the dynamic indicator of the developmental level of countries. Eastern Asian countries are currently at acceleration in economic growth. Energy has been a key factor especially on the issue of renewable energy versus the crude oil use in fueling these economies. The UAE is currently contemplating the development of peaceful nuclear power energy that will be safe and secure. In fact, the US supports the UEA nuclear energy use. Japan imports 99% of its crude oil. Japan’s dependence on imported Fossil oil illustratively shows that in 2001, 50. 1% of all energy sources came from oil, 16. 8% from coal and 13. 6% from natural gas while nuclear energy contributed 14. 4% of all of Japan’s energy needs (ENS, 2006). Thus, due to the above shortcomings, Japan had to seek a new energy source and this led to adoption of renewable energy. The country is a leader in wind energy, solar energy and hydro energy. In fact, the country hopes that by 2020, about 20% of its internal energy use ought to be sourced from renewable energy sources. In the event of oil depletion, UAE should be ready to choose between nuclear or renewable energy and at the same avoid Japan’s previous mistakes. Agriculture in UAE and its uniqueness This sector in UAE includes the populous fishing which was a non-critical part of the economy contributing less than 2% of the GDP in 1990s but now is a big part of the economy. For many years now, the demand for agricultural produce in UAE has been rising steadily (Al-Abed et al, 2006). In this manner, the availability of capital and the above stated demand have fueled the agricultural sector in the UAE. The major farming areas include Diqdaqah in Ras al Khaymah, Al Awir in Dubayy, the coastal areas of Fujayrah and Falaj al Umm al Qaywayn among other widely recognized areas. In UAE, most of the farming land is pro-occupied by date palms (Al-Abed et al, 2006). These crops are cultivated in the arc of small oasis that constitutes the Al Liwa Oasis. The federal and the emirate governments are a fundamental force on the high proliferation of agriculture in UAE. This is because the government is widely known to offer about 50% subsidy on fertilizer and seeds among other farm inputs. Moreover, loans are granted are offered by the same government to interested farmers for the purchase of machinery. a) Institutions that run Agriculture in UAE Agriculture in the once a desert UAE is more organized more than possibly other places that do not experience the advanced desert weather like conditions of UAE. This is due to the efficient and effective agricultural administrative units that run this now very recognized sector among government quarters. The UAE has over 40 agricultural extension units which are practicable (Al-Abed et al, 2006). In addition, the UAE has numerous experimental farms and agricultural research stations. Illustratively, the number of farmers in the earlier years of 1970s increased from a mere 4000 to almost 20,000 in the late 1980s. In the late 1970s to mid 1980s, agricultural production increased in the UAE. The number has been increasing and could be at 200,000 currently. However, the UAE sometimes is forced to import most of its food requirements. For instance, in early 1990s, UAE practically imported 70% of its food requirements. ) Challenges of farming in the UAE Despite the above lucrative figures on the kind of farming in the UEA, the region faces a daunting number of challenges than other traditional agricultural areas like Brazil and the US. The lack of arable land, high temperatures, regular locust swarms and quite unpredictable water sources are major set backs for agriculture in the UAE (Al-Abed et al, 2006). For instance, the contraction of the arable farm land is linked to the drying of underground aquifers, a reason why water tables are continuously lowering. The decreasing water tables have an astounding impact on the increasing the salinity of soils and water making farming an unprofitable economic activity (Hurreiz, 2002). The increased creation of more farming areas is also credited with increased clearing of land to farm, a contributor to increased loss of surface water. This has unfortunately forced some farms to close down. In the 1980s, a federal authority was created to control the exploration of underground water through boreholes though many farms have continuously opted for the same to supplement any aquifer waters. c) Variety of agricultural products in the UAE The agricultural sector possibly supplies the country with significant amount of main vegetable crops. The main vegetables that the agricultural arable farming produces include Tomatoes, Cabbages, Cauliflower, Squash and eggplant. It is at Ras al Khaymah that most of the vegetables that support the country’s vegetable supply come from. As mentioned, date palms are grown in the UAE. Other fruits include citrus fruits and Mangoes. Illustratively, a canning plant in Al Ayn has a capacity of processing 120 tons a day (Hurreiz, 2002). For instance, in 1989, poultry farms provided about 70% of local requirements for eggs and 45% of poultry meat. In 1991, over 73,000 tons of milk was processed, meeting 92% of the country demands. d) Government efforts in Promoting Agriculture in UAE The government supports traditional fishing in the rich waters off the UAE. This is a major effort in raising livelihoods. Moreover, the government provides a 50% subsidy on fishing boats and equipment and has further built marine workshops that provide free repair and maintenance of boats. Cooperatives assist fishermen in marketing the fish. Agriculture in Japan and its uniqueness In Japan, agriculture and arable farming is less highly developed in comparison to Brazil or the US. In fact, about only 15% of the country’s land is cultivatable. In Japan, the sector is highly subsidized and protected by the government. Agriculture, fishing and forestry historically have tended to dominate the country’s economy until the 1940s. For instance, in 1945, the industry provided employment for about 50% of the work force (King, 2004). The number has been contracting greatly to about 7. 2% in 1988. Food control policy in the 1950s that assured farmers get high prices from selling to the government increased farmer’s involvement in farming. Livestock farming is minimal in Japan. The desire to get involved in beef farming was as a result of the comparatively higher returns compared to the dairy sector. The dairy sector is more developed in Hokkaido, Iwate, Tohoku and Kyusu. a) Fishing in Japan Historically, Japan is known as a world leader in the industry. For instance, in 1989, the country was second to China in fish production with 11. 9M. The tonnage for the production has been steady over the years (King, 2004). Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo is the hub for Japan’s fishing industry and is among the world’s leading markets for fresh, frozen and processed seafood. In Japan, fish farming technology is highly advanced and involves aquaculture and sea farming. The country has above 2000 fishing ports which include among others Nagasaki, Kushiro, Otaru and Abashiri (King, 2004). Comparable features in Agriculture in Japan and UAE First, the two countries have intense reliance on fish farming. Though the Japanese have extensive inland and overseas fishing projects, UEA has mostly artificial internal fishing projects. Secondly, the governments of Japan and UAE have played a key role in accelerating Agriculture in their respective countries (King, 2004). For instance, while UAE provides up to 50% in capital, Japan’s government has a protective and subsidized sector. Another common feature is that in the two counties, agriculture is not recognized as a huge contributor to the GDP. The two countries further have a number of agricultural products. Overview of Nuclear energy Nuclear power plays a vital role in the food and agriculture sectors, medicine and power generation. Nuclear power has the same structure like other power plants but differ in that they utilize energy from nuclear fission to produce electricity. The energy is very clean if well designed, well built, operated and managed. On vital aspect of this type of energy is that it lacks atmospheric emissions or pollution, it is compact and produces less wastes which is confined and self degradable. History of Nuclear energy use in UAE Since independence in 1971, the UAE took great interest in achieving a high economic growth and urbanization. This has made the traditional sources of energy including oil and natural gas to quadruple in the last 20 years making UAE’s energy consumption per capita income the highest in the world. This ideally meant that carbon emission increased double fold and escalated 10 times that emitted by developed countries and the global annual emissions respectively (Kazim, 2007). In order to avoid over reliance on oil as was the case with Japan, UAE has sought international cooperation and assistance in developing renewable energy as well as nuclear energy. In January 2009, Japan and UAE signed a bi-lateral cooperation with US in developing non-proliferation, secure and safe use of nuclear energy (Khaleej, 2009). Additionally, the UAE signed a similar agreement with UK and Japan. The Japan Nuclear bi-lateral nuclear agreement is a three year contract starting 2008. The Middle-Eastern country is emerging as a leader in the use of nuclear energy. UAE is planning to establish nuclear plants that will see it meet a power demand of up to 40,000 MWe by 2020 (Burgermeister, 2009). This move is a major shift in avoiding polarizing as economy dependent on oil Energy which is sensitive to fluctuations in Oil prices. The Japan-UAE nuclear cooperation entails Japan assisting the UAE in facilitating the use of nuclear power. Secondly, the training on nuclear skills, infrastructure and human resource development and assistance in nuclear safety are other areas of Japan’s aid to UAE (Khaleej, 2009). In addition, aid will be provided in protection and radioactive waste management as well the protection of nuclear sites. Free Energy use in UAE The UAE is a key pillar in the renewable energy sector. The country has been bidding to host the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). IRENA which is comprised of 78 countries was formed in January 2009. The body has on its charter plans to lead its member states in uniting in distributing knowledge, initiating and implementing development frameworks and leading the world to adoption of renewable energy (Khaleej, 2009). For UAE to become the headquarters, it has to demonstrate leadership in free energy use in the world. This is a seat that could go to a developing country like UAE. By hosting IRENA headquarters, it shows the world that UAE in sharing knowledge and expertise in renewable energy. UAE is posed to become the next leader in solar energy. Fossils fuels are depleting at a faster rate than new ones can be created. UAE is aware of this and in a move likely to prevent it from making the mistake Japan did, it is leading in investing heavily in free energy sectors of electricity, wind energy, Nuclear energy and solar energy (Middle East Electricity, 2009). UAE is widely expectant that demand in future can out strip supply (Dahl, 1999). Therefore currently, the authorities in the Middle East are getting forced to review their energy policy in a move is directed at founding more assurance in renewable energy sources. The move to invest in renewable energy sources is in line with assurance of energy sources in case fossil fuel deplete is coupled with the need to invest in fuels that either emit less green house gases (Burgermeister, 2009). Nuclear energy for instance is environment friendly provided that it is well operated, managed and secured. In fact, the UAE has a great potential to exploit wind, water and photovoltaic power. Ideally, given the unrivalled expertise in hydrocarbons, the UAE is the possible world leader in renewable energy and environment caring. In deed, Abu Dhabi’s Masdar city plans to spend $ 2 billion on solar technology. Moreover, Abu Dhabi is investing $15bn in a hydrogen plant (Middle East Electricity, 2009). For Saudi Arabia, it is planning to become a leading research center in solar energy and possibly an exporter of solar related technology. UAE holds almost 8. 5% and 3. 3% the world’s oil and natural gas reserves but plans to invest about $10 bn to advancing renewable energy incase of depletion of fossil (Burgermeister, 2009The History of Nuclear power use in Japan Since 1956, Japan has been on a pathway to reducing its reliance on overseas energy sources through progress in Nuclear power use to provide energy for its production units (Pikket, 2002). The country’s commitment is seen in the various treaties that it has signed with other countries. Ideally, there are social issues that challenge Japan’s pursuit of nuclear power. The future of Japan’s Nuclear power is further complicated by domestic and international pressures to enhance safety and security (Kazim, 2007). However, the pursuit was generally fueled by the 1970s oil crisis. In Japan, the environmental problems resulting from energy production, conversion and utilization have increased the awareness in possibly all sectors ranging from public, industry and government (Dahl, 1999). The risk of climate change and the desire to move to a cleaner fuel was one reason towards a shift from reliance on crude oil. Japan discovered that large nuclear plants were both technologically and economically most reliable techniques of replacing fossil fuel over-reliance in production of electricity (Pikket, 2002). Similarity of Japan and UAE on Nuclear Energy Despite the above different historical development on the use and proliferation of Nuclear energy, the two countries faced intense domestic and international pressure to ensure that they comply with the set regulations on the use of the Nuclear energy (Kazim, 2007). For instance, Japan was required to assure that it’s over populated nation would be safe from the emissions of uranium. Secondly, the two nations use the technology to reduce over reliance on fossil fuels (Al-Abed et al, 2006). Crude oil prices have a fluctuating characteristic that puts many nations that basically depend on it at jeopardy should an increase in prices increase. The 1970s oil crisis serves to remind all nations how dependence on oil can really affect economies (Kazim, 2007).